Nowadays it is entirely a park, its southern half being dominated by wide-open areas, hills, monuments and beach-like stretches (along the streams Eisbach and Schwabinger Bach). AMC empowers our associates to get involved with their communities by allowing paid time-off to support the charity of their choice. He had the sermons of his Jesuit court preacher Jeremias Drexel translated from Latin into German and published them to a greater audience. We offer a number of benefits that can be customized for varying levels of sponsorship, and were always looking to honor those organizations who support us. The growing number of bicycle lanes are widely used throughout the year. The Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) and the Technische Universitt Mnchen (TUM), were two of the first three German universities to be awarded the title elite university by a selection committee composed of academics and members of the Ministries of Education and Research of the Federation and the German states (Lnder). 2km (1mi) northwest of Nymphenburg Palace is Schloss Blutenburg (Blutenburg Castle), an old ducal country seat with a late-Gothic palace church. Moosach features one of the oldest churches, Alt-St. Martin, but a larger one was built in 1925. The Max Planck Society, an independent German non-profit research organisation, has its administrative headquarters in Munich. [15] Munich's numerous architectural and cultural attractions, sports events, exhibitions and its annual Oktoberfest, the world's largest Volksfest, attract considerable tourism.[16]. (2011) 1,348,335; (2021 est . In the 15th century, Munich underwent a revival of Gothic arts: the Old Town Hall was enlarged, and Munich's largest Gothic church the Frauenkirche now a cathedral, was constructed in only 20 years, starting in 1468. After World War II, Munich soon again became a focal point of the German literary scene and remains so to this day, with writers as diverse as Wolfgang Koeppen, Erich Kstner, Eugen Roth, Alfred Andersch, Elfriede Jelinek, Hans Magnus Enzensberger, Michael Ende, Franz Xaver Kroetz, Gerhard Polt and Patrick Sskind calling the city their home. purchases enough gold leaf to restore a decorative lion. [71], In Munich, Bayerischer Rundfunk began its first television broadcast in 1954. [77] Mass murders also occurred in Munich in 1980 and 2016. In March 1916, three separate aircraft-engine and automobile companies joined to form 'Bayerische Motoren Werke' (BMW) in Munich.[59]. Oberbayern, Niederbayern, Oberpfalz (in German), Mnchen: C. H. Beck, p. 171, ISBN 978-3-406-55206-9. There is also a small Old Catholic parish and an English-speaking parish of the Episcopal Church in the city. ISBN 3-87364-023-6, Landeshauptstadt Mnchen, Direktorium, Statistisches Amt: Statistisches Jahrbuch 2007, page 206 (Statistical Yearbook of the City of Munich 2007), Thalkirchen-Obersendling-Forstenried-Frstenried-Solln, Globalization and World Rankings Research Institute, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Wittelsbach collection of Greek and Roman antiquities, Catholic Archdiocese of Munich and Freising, International Max Planck Research School for Molecular and Cellular Life Sciences, Katholische Stiftungsfachhochschule Mnchen, Grund- und Mittelschule an der Hochstrae, Grundschule an der Sdlichen Auffahrtsallee, Edith-Stein-Gymnasium der Erzdizese Mnchen und Freising, Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Max Planck Institute for Foreign and International Social Law, Max Planck Institute for Innovation and Competition, Max Planck Institute for Psychological Research, EU legislation concerning the concentration of particulate, Franz Josef Strauss International Airport, Jeannette, Hereditary Princess of Frstenberg, Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria, Maximilian III Joseph, Elector of Bavaria, Sophie, Hereditary Princess of Liechtenstein, List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany, Liste der Oberbrgermeister in den kreisfreien Stdten, "Daten und Fakten aus der Metropolregion Mnchen", "Tabelle 12411-003r Fortschreibung des Bevlkerungsstandes: Gemeinden, Stichtag", "Munich Named The Most Livable City In The World", "Immobilien: Das sind die 10 teuersten Stdte in Deutschland", "Die 10 teuersten Stdte Deutschlands 2020", "Alpha, Beta and Gamma cities (updated 2015)", "Wo die reichsten und rmsten Stdte Deutschlands liegen", "Auslnderanteil in der Bevlkerung: In Mnchen ist die ganze Welt zu Hause Abendzeitung Mnchen", "Archologie: Forscher finden 3000 Jahre altes Grab in Mnchen", "Muenchen.de - das offizielle Stadtportal fr Mnchen", "Sensationsfund: Die berreste der ersten Pasinger", "Archologie in Mnchen - Archologische Staatssammlung Mnchen", https://www.museen-in-bayern.de/museums-in-bavaria/exhibitions/ausstellung.html?L=1&tx_landesstelle_searchmuseum%5Baid%5D=5898&tx_landesstelle_searchmuseum%5Bmid%5D=923&tx_landesstelle_searchmuseum%5BsearchPage%5D=540&tx_landesstelle_searchmuseum%5Baction%5D=showShowroom&tx_landesstelle_searchmuseum%5Bcontroller%5D=Search&cHash=88b18f623d2d7435ad13c1e08a5c49f5, https://www.2.stammstrecke-muenchen.de/archaeologie.html, https://www.sueddeutsche.de/muenchen/pest-mittelalter-geschichte-1.4250084, https://archive.org/details/liberation-of-munich-april-30-1945, "Munich, Germany Kppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)", "Extremwertetafel (Mnchen-Botanischer Garten)", "Die auslndische Bevlkerung nach der Staatsangehrigkeit 2017", "Die auslndische Bevlkerung nach der Staatsangehrigkeit 2020", "Landeshauptstadt Mnchen: Bevlkerungsbestand - Aktuelle Jahreszahlen: Die Bevlkerung in den Stadtbezirken nach ausgewhlten Konfessionen am 31.12.2017", "Bevlkerung im regionalen Vergleich nach Religion (ausfhrlich) in%", "Extremisten sind eine kleine Minderheit", "Bordeaux Rayonnement europen et mondial", "Bordeaux-Atlas franais de la coopration dcentralise et des autres actions extrieures", "Sister Cities International Community Bureau", "Olympia 2018 in Sdkorea, Mnchen chancenlos", "Public Outdoor Swimming Pools in Munich", "What's on? Selbstverlag der Gemeinde Gauting, 1949. [131] However, these breweries do not have tents at Oktoberfest. The former Dachau concentration camp is 16km (10mi) outside the city. Zur 75-Jahrfeier der Eingemeindung Oberfhrings. This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google. [125], September and October, Theresienwiese:[118] The largest beer festival in the world, Munich's Oktoberfest runs for 1618 days from the end of September through early October. [150] The city is also the economic centre of southern Germany. The neo-Gothic Maximilianstrae starts at Max-Joseph-Platz, where the Residenz and the National Theatre are situated, and runs from west to east. By 1849 a newer Munich Central Train Station (Mnchen Hauptbahnhof) was completed, with a line going to Landshut and Regensburg in the north. Christian Behrer: Das Unterirdische Mnchen. Between 1910 and 1940, he wrote and performed in many absurdist sketches and short films that were highly influential, earning him the nickname of "Charlie Chaplin of Germany". Population size may be affected by changes in administrative divisions. Duke Louis IV, a native of Munich, was elected German king in 1314 and crowned as Holy Roman Emperor in 1328. [64], In March 1924, Munich broadcast its first radio program. In 1180, after Henry the Lion's fall from grace with Emperor Frederick Barbarosa, including his trial and exile, Otto I Wittelsbach became Duke of Bavaria, and Munich was handed to the Bishop of Freising. These cards make great holiday gifts for those who plan ahead, or they can be an everyday tasty treat for those who love your organization and froyo too! Late-July to mid-August, city-wide: Mini-Munich provides kids ages 715 with the opportunity to participate in a Spielstadt, the German term for a miniature city composed almost entirely of children. In 1971, the Filmverlag der Autoren was founded, cementing the city's role in the movement's history. Other contributing factors are the extraordinarily high rates of car ownership per capita (multiple times that of Berlin), the city's historically grown and largely preserved centralised urban structure, which leads to a very high concentration of traffic in specific areas, and sometimes poor planning (for example bad traffic light synchronisation and a less than ideal ring road). The most recent 990 form available upon request. [67], On November 8, 1939, shortly after the Second World War had begun, a bomb was planted in the Brgerbrukeller in Munich in an attempt to assassinate Adolf Hitler during a political party speech. Munich, by far the largest city in southern Germany, lies about 30 miles (50 km) north of the edge of the Alps and along the Isar River, which flows through the middle of the city. ISBN 1-4054-5316-8, David Friedmann: Die Bavaria Film 1919 bis 1945: eine Unternehmensgeschichte im Spannungsfeld kulturpolitischer und konomischer Einflsse. The parades in regional dress (Tracht) represented the diversity of the kingdom. Together, we can bring this vision to life through artistic excellence on stage, extraordinary arts education experiences, and essential financial access programs. In 1789, the Englischer Garten was created just north of Munich's old city center. Bishop Otto von Freising (d. 1158) was a scholar, historian and bishop of a large section of Bavaria that was part of his diocese of Freising. During French air raids in 1916, three bombs fell on Munich. [38] During the rule of Duke William V Munich began to be called the "German Rome" and William V began presenting Emperor Charlemagne as ancestor of the Wittelsbach dynasty. [57] In 1911 the expressionist group Der Blaue Reiter was established in Munich. Munich, German Mnchen, city, capital of Bavaria Land (state), southern Germany. St Michael in Berg am Laim is a church in the suburbs. [72], Since 1963, Munich has been hosting the Munich Security Conference, held annually in the Hotel Bayerischer Hof. Multiple beer gardens can be found in both parts of the Englischer Garten, the most well-known being located at the Chinese Pagoda. Traditionally a ball for Munich's domestic servants, cooks, nannies, and other household staff, Kocherlball, or cooks ball was a chance for the lower classes to take the morning off and dance together before the families of their households woke up. Cincinnati Landmark Productions is a 501c3 non profit corportation. Many operas were staged there, including the premiere of Mozart's Idomeneo in 1781. 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In 1240, Munich was transferred to Otto II Wittelsbach and in 1255, when the Duchy of Bavaria was split in two, Munich became the ducal residence of Upper Bavaria. The Munich Airport, which commenced operations in 1992, was named in his honor. At the Nationaltheater several of Richard Wagner's operas were premiered under the patronage of Ludwig II of Bavaria. Munich is the second-largest city in the Bavarian dialect area, after the Austrian capital of Vienna. At the centre of the city is the Marienplatz a large open square named after the Mariensule, a Marian column in its centre with the Old and the New Town Hall. There are few "green waves" or roundabouts, and the city's prosperity often causes an abundance of obstructive construction sites. The program's main goal is to acknowledge not-for-profit volunteers and encourage donations to 501(c)(3) charitable organizations dedicated to the benefit and advancement of The Augsburg Arbitration mentions the name of the location in dispute as forum apud Munichen. Liberation of Munich April 30, 1945 (Video). All donations are tax deductible to the maximum amount allowable by law. [14], Munich's economy is based on high tech, automobiles, the service sector and creative industries, as well as IT, biotechnology, engineering and electronics among many other sectors. Cash awards are made from the fund through the Annual Grant Process. In 1623, during the Thirty Years' War, Munich became an electoral residence when Maximilian I, Duke of Bavaria was invested with the electoral dignity, but in 1632 the city was occupied by Gustav II Adolph of Sweden. Landmark Community Theatre, Inc. was recently awarded a $15,000 CT Cultural Fund Operating Support Grant from CT Humanities. Establishments open and close every year, and due to gentrification and the overheated housing market many survive only a few years, while others last longer. Munich has a much stronger left-wing tradition than the rest of the state, which has been dominated by the conservative Christian Social Union in Bavaria (CSU) on a federal, state, and local level since the establishment of the Federal Republic in 1949. The airport can be reached by suburban train lines from the city. [158], Most Munich residents enjoy a high quality of life. [68], Munich was the base of the White Rose, a student resistance movement. Since Gotthold Ephraim Lessing's premieres in 1775 many important writers have staged their plays in Munich such as Christian Friedrich Hebbel, Henrik Ibsen and Hugo von Hofmannsthal. The cycle paths usually involve a longer route than by the road, as they are diverted around objects, and the presence of pedestrians can make them quite slow. The king handed the brewing monopoly to Munich's wealthiest brewers, who in turn paid substantial taxs on their beer production. Brewers and the beer taverns (Wirtshuser) were taxed, and the state also controlled the quality of beer while limiting the competition among breweries. Each card has eight tasty froyo offers which are all redeemable at your local participating store. The most recent city council election was held on 15 March 2020, and the results were as follows: In the Landtag of Bavaria, Munich is divided between nine constituencies. It would become the prototype for beer halls across Munich. [153] In 2006, Munich blue-collar workers enjoyed an average hourly wage of 18.62 (ca. Hirschgarten is the largest beer garden in the world, with 8,000 seats. Although Bishop Otto had lost his bridge, the arbiters ordered Duke Henry to pay a third of his income to the Bishop in Freising as compensation. [citation needed] The Renaissance movement beset Munich and the Bavarian branch of the House of Wittelsbach under the Duke of Bavaria Albrecht V bolstered their prestige by conjuring up a lineage that reached back to Classical antiquity. Learn more about our membership program here, which provides benefits that are more aligned with purchasing tickets or attending a performance here. It is dark amber in colour and has a heavy malty taste. An express train will be added that will cut down travel time to 2025 minutes with limited stops on dedicated tracks. The town is first mentioned as forum apud Munichen in the Augsburg arbitration[de] of 14 June 1158 by Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I. Other notable musicians and bands from Munich include Konstantin Wecker, Willy Astor, Spider Murphy Gang, Mnchener Freiheit, Lou Bega, Megaherz, FSK, Colour Haze and Sportfreunde Stiller. You may also contact us at [emailprotected]. Other notable clubs include 1860 Munich, who were long time their rivals on a somewhat equal footing, but currently play in the 3rd Division 3. The Simpl, which survives to this day (although with little relevance to the city's contemporary art scene), was named after Munich's anti-authoritarian satirical magazine Simplicissimus, founded in 1896 by Albert Langen and Thomas Theodor Heine, which quickly became an important organ of the Schwabinger Bohme. [119] Starkbierfest is also known as the fifth season, and is celebrated in beer halls and restaurants around the city. 815 in Frttmanning.[27]. [17][18], The name in modern German is Mnchen, but this has been variously translated in different languages: in English, French, Spanish and various other languages as "Munich", in Italian as "Monaco di Baviera", in Portuguese as "Munique". Sorry, we are unable to retrieve this sessions seating data, please try again later. The average distance people usually ride in a single trip with public transit is 9.2km, while 21% travel for over 12km in a single direction.[163]. AMC Cares Charitable Fund. Most of the boroughs have parish churches that originate from the Middle Ages, such as the church of pilgrimage St Mary in Ramersdorf. Also much consumed, though not from Munich and thus without the right to have a tent at the Oktoberfest, are Tegernseer and Schneider Weisse, the latter of which has a major beer hall in Munich. In Schwabing and Maxvorstadt, many beautiful streets with continuous rows of Grnderzeit buildings can be found. The most recent mayoral election was held on 15 March 2020, with a runoff held on 29 March, and the results were as follows: The Munich city council (Stadtrat) governs the city alongside the Mayor. [citation needed], In 2007 the ecological restoration of the river Isar in the urban area of Munich was awarded the Water Development Prize by the German Association for Water, Wastewater and Waste (known as DWA in German). [20][21] For information regarding Landmark Cinemas products and services. By Kppen classification templates and updated data the climate is oceanic (Cfb), independent of the isotherm but with some humid continental (Dfb) features like warm to hot summers and cold winters, but without permanent snow cover. Since 28 May 2006 Munich has been connected to Nuremberg via Ingolstadt by the 300km/h (186mph) NurembergMunich high-speed railway line. Numerous tiny alleys and shady lanes connect the larger streets and little plazas of the area, conveying the legendary artist's quarter's flair and atmosphere convincingly like it was at the turn of the 20th century. [22], The ancient Roman road Via Julia, which connected Augsburg and Salzburg, crossed over the Isar River south of modern-day Munich, at the towns of Baierbrunn and Gauting. Generous donations from the community have sustained the Landmark for generations. The modern Gasteig centre houses the Munich Philharmonic Orchestra. As of 31 December 2017, 31.8% of the city's inhabitants were Catholic, 11.4% Protestant, 0.3% Jewish,[93] and 3.6% were members of an Orthodox Church (Eastern Orthodox or Oriental Orthodox). The state parliament (the Landtag) and the new archdiocese of Munich and Freising were also located in the city. The station became 'Bayerischer Rundfunk' in 1931. The third orchestra in Munich with international importance is the Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra. Capital and most populous city of Bavaria, Germany, This article is about the city in Germany. [70], After US occupation in 1945, Munich was completely rebuilt following a meticulous plan, which preserved its pre-war street grid, bar a few exceptions owing to then modern traffic concepts. FC Bayern Munich Basketball is currently playing in the Beko Basket Bundesliga. Pop. Since the administrative reform in 1992, Munich is divided into 25 boroughs or Stadtbezirke, which themselves consist of smaller quarters. Munich has become a spiritual centre already since the times of Emperor Louis IV when philosophers like Michael of Cesena, Marsilius of Padua and William of Ockham were protected at the emperor's court. Biergrten (beer gardens) are popular fixtures of Munich's gastronomic landscape. [44], The Bavarian state proceeded to take control over the beer market, by regulating all taxes on beer in 1806 and 1811. [citation needed], Munich was (and in some cases, still is) home to many of the most important authors of the New German Cinema movement, including Rainer Werner Fassbinder, Werner Herzog, Edgar Reitz and Herbert Achternbusch. [49][50] In 1825 Ludwig I ascended to the throne and commissioned leading architects such as Leo von Klenze to design a series of public museums in neoclassical style. Prinzregentenstrae runs parallel to Maximilianstrae and begins at Prinz-Carl-Palais. He ruled over vast territories in the German Holy Roman Empire from the North and Baltic Sea to the Alps. info@landmarktheatre.org, Landmark theatre 2023. The coolest is January. Other attractions of the festival include a flea market on the festival's first Saturday, a Beer Queen contest, a vintage car show on the first Sunday, fireworks every Friday night, and a "Day of Traditions" on the final day. The city's zoo is the Tierpark Hellabrunn near the Flaucher Island in the Isar in the south of the city. [52], The Prince Regent Luitpold's reign from 1886 till 1912 was marked by tremendous artistic and cultural activity in Munich. Noakes, Andrew (2005). While many monasteries were reestablished, Max Joseph I succeeded in controlling the right to brew beer (Brauchrecht). Example messages include birthdays, weddings/engagements, anniversaries, retirements, congratulations, Mother's Day, thank you, baby showers, graduations - whatever you would like to . As guardians of this historic treasure, we're asking for your help with the restoration and maintenance projects that are so vital to the theater. These plans were opposed by many residents in the Oberpfaffenhofen area as well as other branches of local Government, including the city of Munich, which took the case to court. 4 June 2013. [9][10] According to the Globalization and World Rankings Research Institute, Munich is considered an alpha-world city, as of 2015[update]. The Lenbachhaus houses works by the group of Munich-based modernist artists known as Der Blaue Reiter (The Blue Rider). 3658. It was 100,000 in 1852, 250,000 in 1883 and 500,000 in 1901. While the republican government had been restored, Munich became a hotbed of extremist politics, among which Adolf Hitler and the National Socialists soon rose to prominence. But Munich suffered from poor water sanitation and as early as the 1700s beer came to be regarded as the fifth element. Whether you want to donate for a specific need, or just contribute to our ongoing operation, your support is what allows the Landmark to flourish. Bufe Fachbuchverlag, Egglham 1997, ISBN 3-922138-61-6. Buchendorfer Verlag, Mnchen 2001, ISBN 3-934036-40-6, Kap. [61], The NSDAP headquarters and the documentation apparatus for controlling all aspects of life were located in Munich. Many important conductors have been attracted by the city's orchestras, including Felix Weingartner, Hans Pfitzner, Hans Rosbaud, Hans Knappertsbusch, Sergiu Celibidache, James Levine, Christian Thielemann, Lorin Maazel, Rafael Kubelk, Eugen Jochum, Sir Colin Davis, Mariss Jansons, Bruno Walter, Georg Solti, Zubin Mehta and Kent Nagano. It has one of the strongest economies of any German city and the lowest unemployment rate of all cities in Germany with more than 1 million inhabitants. This is how performers such as Olga Kholodnaya and Alex Jacobowitz are entertaining the locals and the tourists every day. 4.2.1: St. Peter, S. 6183. [162] Its public transport system delivered 566million passenger trips that year. [62] Construction work for the Fhrerbau and the party headquarters (known as the Brown House) started in September 1933. [126], November and December, city-wide:[118] Munich's Christmas Markets, or Christkindlmrkte, are held throughout the city from late November until Christmas Eve, the largest spanning the Marienplatz and surrounding streets. Several national and international authorities are located in Munich, including the Federal Finance Court of Germany, the German Patent Office and the European Patent Office. The average amount of time people spend commuting to and from work with public transit in Munich on a weekday is 56 min. Franz Josef Strauss International Airport (IATA: MUC, ICAO: EDDM) is the second-largest airport in Germany and seventh-largest in Europe after London Heathrow, Paris Charles de Gaulle, Frankfurt, Amsterdam, Madrid and Istanbul Atatrk. We also match their personal donations on a dollar-for-dollar basis. The team has won three DEL Championships, in 2016, 2017 and 2018. Its primary concert venue is the Herkulessaal in the former city royal residence, the Munich Residenz. Cycle paths can be found alongside the majority of sidewalks and streets, although the newer and/or renovated ones are much easier to tell apart from pavements than older ones. At AMC, we demonstrate our commitment to the communities we serve, and foster the growth and development of our associates through volunteer opportunities, in-kind and monetary donations, and our sustainability programs. From only 24,000 inhabitants in 1700, the city population doubled about every 30 years. Munich became the center of a modernizing kingdom, and one of the king's first acts was the secularization of Bavaria. The IPIC Entertainment Donation Program is intended to assist the not -for-profit sector. [128], Since 2001, historically interesting places in Munich can be explored via the cultural history trails (KulturGeschichtsPfade). The Hotel Deutsche Eiche near Grtnerplatz was somewhat like a centre of operations for Fassbinder and his "clan" of actors. In November 1918, on the eve of the German revolution, Ludwig III and his family fled the city. ISBN 978-3-86520-447-9. Before the Kunstpark Ost, there had already been an accumulation of internationally known nightclubs in the remains of the abandoned former Munich-Riem Airport. "Appeasing Hitler: The Munich Crisis of 1938: A Teaching and Learning Resource," New England Journal of History (2010) 66#2 pp 130. [132] It was the first and still is one of only a few in Western Europe to also occupy a building of its own. The city again became important to the Nazis when they took power in Germany in 1933. Munich, by contrast, has been governed by the SPD for all but six years since 1948. Will renew and repair 10ft of crumbling exterior brickwork. Three gates of the demolished medieval fortification survive the Isartor in the east, the Sendlinger Tor in the south and the Karlstor in the west of the inner city. Two further surf spots within the city are located along the river Isar, the wave in the Flolnde channel and a wave downstream of the Wittelsbacherbrcke bridge. Mnchen 2012. Munich is also one of the most attractive business locations in Germany. Learn more about these opportunities here or contact Director of Development Charles Shatzkin at cbshatzkin@landmarktheatre.org. The Ultimate History of BMW. Most high-rise buildings are clustered at the northern edge of Munich in the skyline, like the Hypo-Haus, the Arabella High-Rise Building, the Highlight Towers, Uptown Munich, Mnchner Tor and the BMW Headquarters next to the Olympic Park. The avenue crosses the Isar and circles the Friedensengel monument, then passing the Villa Stuck and Hitler's old apartment. In 1807 the king abolished all ordinances that limited the number of apprentices and journeymen a brewery could employ. Ticket requests are handled on a first-come first-served basis. Stadtkernarchologie in der bayerischen Landeshauptstadt. Because of its importance to the rise of National Socialism, Munich was referred to as the Hauptstadt der Bewegung ("Capital of the Movement"). This includes more companies listed by the DAX than any other German city, as well as the German or European headquarters of many foreign companies such as McDonald's and Microsoft. The warmest month, on average, is July. Theatre Arts Training Office: 612.872.5100. For a short while, Vladimir Lenin lived in Schwabing, where he wrote and published his most important work, What Is to Be Done? Munich's first film studio (Bavaria Film) was founded in 1919. Prominent literary figures worked in Munich especially during the final decades of the Kingdom of Bavaria, the so-called Prinzregentenzeit (literally "prince regent's time") under the reign of Luitpold, Prince Regent of Bavaria, a period often described as a cultural Golden Age for both Munich and Bavaria as a whole. [citation needed], Next to the Bavarian Staatsschauspiel in the Residenz Theatre (Residenztheater), the Munich Kammerspiele in the Schauspielhaus is one of the most important German-language theatres in the world.

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