evergreen plantation slaves

Hogsheads of sugar were transported down the Mississippi River to New Orleans and then on to other markets. 66 were here. In addition to her regular quarters, the plantations owner, Lake Charles, La., businesswoman Matilda Gray Stream, lives there on occasion. their original appearance and double row configuration, have survived The plantation is located in the present-day city of New Orleans, Louisiana. Heidels home on his plantation in 1835 was built with a mixture of French, Caribbean, and African influences in order to reflect the climate of southern Louisiana. Thomas Boudar, a notorious slave trader, sold him to sugar planter Lezin Becnel. Originally the term was used for a slave with some Native American ancestry, but by this time designated a child with one quarter European ancestry. Privately owned, it remains a working sugar cane plantation. It is in studying their lives that the nuances and complexities of the past can begin to be understood., The database has helpful tips for searching its contents, including that most enslaved individuals did not have surnames and that American origin signifies that the individual was enslaved in one of the Upper Southern states, such as Virginia, North and South Carolina and Maryland, and was sold south to Louisiana while Creole indicates that the individual was born in Louisiana.. The extracted juice was clarified and bits of pith and other debris were removed. Despite being established in the 1930s to assist black farmers, the agency is now regarded as the last plantation due to its refusal to assist black agricultural initiatives. He was described as "an American negro age 25." He had to make his own family and create relationships that would help him endure enslavement. More | Next Site. The plantation was built in the early 1700s and was the home of several generations of planters. Designed by Elegant Themes | Powered by WordPress. They bring to life the identities of real people who lived and worked on this specific site. His name was listed as Edward Edmond on the sale document and his age as 19. Evergreen. This means that the slave was born in the colony of Louisiana---later the state of Louisiana---spoke French, practiced Catholicism, and embraced Creole cultural norms. An 1835 document lists a total of 54 slaves at the plantation. 19th-century barns. 4800 South Carolina Highway 187, Starr, SC 29684. It is located on Louisiana Highway 18 in St. John the Baptist Parish, near Wallace, and is a plantation on the west bank of the Mississippi River. African-American slaves provided the labor that was required to sustain and enrich the large agricultural enterprises, like Evergreen Plantation, which grew up along the banks of the Mississippi River. The grounds include 37 buildings on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP), including 22. Census data compiled between 1810 and 1864 relate that slaves in Louisiana resided in a variety of household types, including single families, extended families, multiple families, co-resident siblings, relatives, unrelated individuals, and single solitary males and females. The Evergreen Plantation was founded in 1752 by the family. The National Park Service and the Evergreen Plantation worked together to document historic sites on the property. Negro/Negresse = of full African ancestry, Mulatto/Mulatresse = European ancestry, African ancestry, Quadroon = European ancestry, African ancestry, Griffe = early usage indicates Native American and African. Ned was a member of the United Order, a benevolent and charitable society. Evergreen has its country's highest historic designation and joins Mount Vernon and Gettysburg in being granted landmark status for its agricultural acreage. The plantation is currently used as a wedding and event venue, and the family is proud to be able to share their history with others. Evergreen Plantation, located near New Orleans, is the largest intact plantation complex in the South. Susan Langenhennigis PRCs Director of Communications and the editor of Preservation in Print. Call 985-497-3837 to arrange a visit. Evergreen is the most intact plantation complex in the South with 37 buildings on the National Register, including 22 slave. The details within the database allow us to read and interpret the past. 103 slaves in 48 dwellings. He operated the land as a plantation and eventually built grist mills and a cotton gin ( 1 ). Becnel paid $6800 for the six enslaved men, which would be approximately $232,000 today. In 1828, Samuel Girard Earle (1791-1848) purchased the property from Samuel Smith. His physician attributed his death to arteriosclerosis. Interested in getting more preservation stories like this delivered to your door monthly? Evergreen Plantation is owned by a family who has resided in the area for generations. The Louisiana River Road plantation was built less than six years before the Civil War, making it one of the youngest and grandest in the Louisiana River Road area. Despite the fact that the Ward family was one of the most powerful and wealthy families in South Carolina at the time, the plantation eventually fell into their hands. The documents used to create this database include estate inventories, succession records, and bills of sale as well as sacramental records from the Archdiocese of New Orleans recording baptisms and funerals. According to Joseph McGill, this is the largest collection of slave dwellings in the world. The Preservation Alliance of New Orleans, Inc., d.b.a. The language and classifications on the original documents have been maintained. . The antebellum era saw thousands of cabins built throughout the South. Evergreen Plantation, which dates to 1777, is one of the most intact plantation complexes in the South, with 37 buildings on the National Register of Historic Places, including "two garconnieres, two pidgeonniers, the kitchen, the domestic slave house, the stables, the Greek Revival privy, and twenty-two slave cabins in their original double-row 1846 Sale of the plantation from Pierre Clidamont Becnel to Lezin Becnel Jr. 1851 Succession, estate of Fanny Baconnais Becnel, wife of Lezin Becnel Jr. 1854 Succession, estate of Pierre Clidamont Becnel, 1856 Succession, inventory taken by Lezin Becnel Jr. included in his papers at Tulane University, 1858 Partnership formed between brothers Lezin Becnel III and Michel Becnel, sons and heirs of Lezin Becnel Jr., to operate the plantation together. These steps of boiling took place in series of large to small open kettles, often referred to as a Jamaica train. The most skilled slaves were chosen for the dangerous job of working close to the open kettles during the boiling process. Despite the fact that the term plantation is frequently associated with large cotton plantations in the Deep South, sugar, rice, and indigo plantations were also common areas. This diverse community was made up of Africans, the enslaved from the American South, and Creoles of Louisiana. The Evergreen Plantation Archaeological Survey was led by Dr. Jayur Mehta, excavating a large portion of land on Evergreen plantation. Evergreen Plantation is the most intact plantation complex in the South with 37 buildings on the National Register of Historic Places, including 22 slave cabins. You do not have to input all fields. great grandparents, are buried in the plantation's slave cemetery Guignard Family Papers, 1742-1952 - held by South Caroliniana Library, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC Arney R. Childs, . In his later years, Ned was supported in part by a pension from the federal government for his service in the war. By 1850, the Ward family had owned over 1,000 slaves in addition to being one of the most active slave trading families. Evergreen is commemorating Black History Month by publishing profiles of enslaved people who worked and lived at the plantation over the course of 150 years. Evergreen Plantation, a historic plantation in Louisiana, has a new interpretive center dedicated to its history. You can search for all domestics (house slaves), field hands, or more specialized jobs, such as engineer, cooper, carpenter, etc. This location was used in the film Django Unchained, which was released in 2011. Merritt was examined by Lezin Becnel, the owner of Evergreen Plantation, in early January 1845. Information contributed by Russ Burriss, a Earle family descendant, from. Evergreen Plantation still owns and operates as a privately owned sugar cane plantation today. It is surprising that these quarters, retaining In 1828, Samuel Girard Earle (1791-1848) purchased the property from Samuel Smith. This suggests that Kattys eldest daughters had a different father than her younger children. American origin signifies that the individual was enslaved in one of the Upper Southern states, such as Virginia, North and South Carolina, and Maryland, and was sold south to Louisiana. African Americans served as Evergreen Plantations workforce and lived in quarters there for more than 200 years. He and his new wife, Elizabeth, had a daughter together. Family involvement in marital disputes was a major factor in Creoles lives. Preservation Resource Center of New Orleans is classified as a tax-exempt public charity under sections 509(a)(1), 170(b)(1)(A)(vi), and 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code, Federal Tax Identification Number 72-0760857. Evergreen Plantations 22 intact slave cabins are just one of the sights visitors can see as part of their tours. Much of the sugar produced on Louisiana's plantations was consumed in such East Coast cities as New York, Boston, Philadelphia, and Baltimore. There are 37 structures still listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The first black troops to join the United States army did so in Louisiana. The slaves at Evergreen were subject to brutal working and living conditions, with many of them being worked to death. The Nottoway Plantation, also known as the White Castle, is thought to be the largest remaining antebellum plantation in the American South. This digital archive will serve as a resource for teachers, students, historians, genealogists, and visitors. Aimes older sister was considered a mulatresse, but her younger siblings were all listed as negroes. Evergreen Plantation is a former sugar cane plantation in Wallace, Louisiana, that was slave labor-dependent for its operation. *origin (African tribe, American, or Creole). Some could trace their ancestry back multiple generations to the first slaves brought to the plantation. Interior of quarters cabin with double fireplace. You can choose which field you want to search. They worked on the plantation in a variety of capacities, raising cotton and rice, among other crops. There has been continuous intermarriage between the Haydels and Becnels families of St. John the Baptist parish for more than two centuries. Of great significance are the 22 slave quarters, arranged in a double row along an alle of oak trees. These gangs of slave laborers worked in tandem in the fields cutting, stacking, and loading cane stalks onto mule-drawn carts. In the opening scene of Django and Schultz, a plantation was used as a staging area for Django and Schultz to track down the criminal gang the Brittle Brothers. On the eve of the Civil War, most sugarcane plantations in Louisiana used vacuum pans to produce unrefined crystallized sugar. The number of slaves fluctuated over the years, but there were always at least 300 slaves working on the plantation. Evergreen Plantation is the only one in the South still standing. The citys 37 buildings are all listed on the National Register of Historic Places, with the majority of them from the antebellum era. His son, Julius Richard, was born here on September 11, 1929; the family later added a second floor made of wood. The Evergreen Plantation in Alabama is one of only two remaining antebellum sugar plantations in the South. These accounts illuminate the experiences of individuals whose stories have previously gone untold, contributing a more balanced approach to Americas historical narrative, the press release said. 18, in Wallace. Where is Evergreen Plantation located? The survey aimed to uncover more information about the lives of enslaved persons previously living on the plantation, promoting use of the slavery database by Evergreen Plantation, and ultimately uncovering new information about the site. His name was recorded as Edward Edmonds. The Catholic Church in Louisiana completely embraced family alliances when it came to marriage. She was born at Evergreen and went on to have 10 children, 51 grandchildren, 148 great-grandchildren, and 88 great-great-grandchildren. Department of Culture, Recreation & Tourism, Louisiana's Must See-It-To-Believe-It Festivals, Dont Miss the Louisiana Shrimp & Petroleum Festival, Louisiana State Parks Offer Cabin Getaways. At Evergreen Plantation, Pierre Clidamont Becnel purchased slaves that were skilled workers. The plantation was founded in 1752 and was one of the largest plantations in the South. Life for enslaved African-Americans was difficult in Louisiana. Search over 40 years of magazine archives: Published nine times a year since 1975 in partnership with the Louisiana State Historic Preservation Office, Preservation in Print is the exclusive publication covering architectural preservation and neighborhood revitalization in Louisiana. The main house was constructed mostly in 1790, and renovated to its current Greek Revival style in 1832. These areas typically have warm and humid summers, as well as cold and dry winters. Slave trading and slave plantations were also common among plantation owners in the Deep South. The house is open to the public by reservation only. There is very little documentation on these buildings, although Neds children and grandchildren continued to live and work at Evergreen Plantation for decades to come. Elias lived on the plantation in a different house than his father's. The first home built on a plantation was a French Creole house in the 1790s. Establishing a new plantation required workers with certain capabilities and expertise, and it is likely that each of these slaves was chosen specifically by Becnel to perform the types of work for which they were described. Now, thanks to a new database compiled by Evergreen, Celestes story, and the stories of so many of the plantations enslaved people, will be told. People live here and work here, the website said. The database is both sophisticated in the quantity and quality of information it contains and simple in its design. Constructed in 1790, Evergreen remains one of the most intact plantation sites in the South. Evergreen Plantation, a National Historic Landmark, is located He was toiling in the sugar cane fields in the fields of a sugar cane plantation. Aime was described as a griffe, indicating that she was of mixed race. In the event that a birthdate isunknown, some have been classified in others ways. and doors remain, but nearly 150 years of patching, repairs, and reconstruction Neither structure are still standing (, 1920 A house on the plantation, called Ingleside, was lost to fire (, 1923 The house that currently stands on the property was built. The Evergreen Plantation, a well-preserved sugar cane plantation from the nineteenth century, is a fine example of an old plantation. More than 400 individuals were enslaved at Evergreen Plantation over the course of 150 years. Many were exceptionally skilled, working as long sawyers, coopers, carpenters, blacksmiths, engineers, seamstresses, and domestics. Yes, you can visit Evergreen Plantation. Unpacking the history of the largest plantation in the southern US, and its people. The 400 acres of Evergreens sugarcane fields are still productive. There are only a few antebellum sugar plantations left in the United States, and the property is one of the few remaining in the South. Evergreen Plantation. In its prime, Evergreen had more than 350 slaves, making it one of the largest plantations in the South. He married Aime, a 17 year old girl enslaved on the plantation with her mother Katty and siblings. The family also owns a number of slaves, who work the plantation. Should I Form A Corporation For My Lawn Mowing Company? When the bank foreclosed on Evergreen Plantation in 1930, the Songys were forced to leave. Evergreen Plantation was one of the largest and most successful African American-owned plantations in the antebellum South. The house is open to the public by Evergreen Plantation, a former plantation located in 1857, has been preserved in the following photograph. The plantation's historical commodity crop was sugarcane, cultivated by enslaved African Americans until emancipation. The Rural Development Initiative for African American Farmers is one of several programs the agency has developed to assist African American farmers. African Americans provided the workforce and lived in the quarters houses at Evergreen Plantation for nearly 200 years, first as slaves and later as freedmen. On August 20, 1864, Ned joined the 80th United States Colored Infantry. Call 985-497-3837 to arrange a visit. He also built a brick home located near a spring. The plantation was founded by the family in the late 1700s and has been in their family ever since. [citation needed]. The granulated, raw (unrefined) sugar produced from the crystallization process was packed into hogsheads, wooden barrels that held roughly 1000 pounds of granulated sugar. _uacct = "UA-1070054-1"; Renting out its river bed to shipping and maritime businesses has allowed it to generate more revenue. She had been staying in the iconic big house on occasion, but after the property opened its stately gates to the public in 1998, she moved to a cottage. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. In the films early scenes, Django and Schultz track down the criminal group the Brittle Brothers. As a result of their work, they were directly responsible for the spectacular economic growth that Louisiana's River Road area experienced during the first half of the 19th century. They bring to life the identities of real people who lived and worked on this specific site. By the 1940s, the plantation was reacquired and fully restored. Evergreen Plantation is a plantation located on the west side of the Mississippi River in St. John the Baptist Parish, near Wallace, Louisiana, and along Louisiana Highway 18. The Evergreen Plantation in Louisiana had over 350 slaves in the early 1800s. Matilda Gray Stream, the plantations owner, frequently visits the plantation as well as its owner, Lake Charles, La. Creole indicates that the individual was born in Louisiana. The plantation was originally used for growing indigo, but later switched to sugarcane when the demand for indigo declined. Mowing The Lawn While Pregnant: Is It Safe And What Precautions Should You Take? Address: 4800 South Carolina Highway 187, Starr, SC 29684 GPS Coordinates: 34.396680,-82.792005 What else should I see? Louisiana joined the Confederacy during the Civil War but soon came under Union control after the fall of New Orleans in 1862. Evergreen Plantation has been a family home since the late-18th century. He was described as an American negro age 25.He had to make his own family and create relationships that would help him endure enslavement. The United States government granted them their freedom in 1877. In addition to tours that allow visitors to learn about the plantations history and how its crops are grown, the plantation is still in operation and is open to the public. All rights reserved. Evergreen Plantation, a National Historic Landmark, is located on State Hwy. He returned home to Aime and their sons. One of his grandchildren, Olivia Simon, lived to be 100 years old. This story appeared in the April issueof the PRCsPreservation in Print magazine. Monetary contributions to Preservation Resource Center are tax-deductible as provided by law. Was really looking forward to visiting Evergreen since it is the only plantation to still have all of their original slave cabins - 22 in total - on site in their original location. The site, which has 37 buildings on the National Register of Historic Places, is the only one in the South with intact plantation buildings. We are open daily from 10:30 a.m. to 1:45 p.m., and tours are not permitted the following holiday week. Even if the plantation owner did not grow any crops, he or she relied on the labor of enslaved people to turn it into a profitable business. Evergreen has its country's highest historic designation and joins Mount Vernon and Gettysburg in being granted landmark status for its agricultural acreage. The couples first child, Marcel, was born in 1858. Itinerary Home | List Heiress and businesswoman, Matilda Geddings Gray (18851971)[5] sponsored the restoration project in the 1940s, and it is now a U.S. National Historic Landmark. The plantation was saved from ruin by oil heiress Matilda Geddings Gray, from Lake Charles, La., in 1944, with Richard Koch as architect. The database is meant for everyone, from scholars who wish to engage in comparative analysis to individuals searching for their ancestors, Evergreens website said. Slave quarters were frequently the site of plantation homes, and their owners relied on the labor of enslaved people to turn their properties into profitable businesses. He was disabled due to a serious oblique inguinal hernia that had gone untreated for decades. Evergreen Plantation is a former sugar cane plantation in Wallace, Louisiana, that was slave labor-dependent for its operation. After Neds death, his widow was given a pension on his behalf. Danny Hymel and his family have been farming the property for more than two centuries, as Alfred Songys great-grandson. He moved from Evergreen to Carroll Plantation (also known as Johnson) and lived the rest of his life there. More African American men from Louisiana enlisted in the Union army than in any other state. The enslaved lived in the cabins as free people until the end of the Civil War; they were slaves for many years. of Sites | Map | Learn The plantation includes 37 contributing buildings, all but eight of them antebellum, making it one of the most complete plantation complexes in the state and the South. 1830 Succession, estate of Magdelaine Haydel Becnel, who inherited Evergreen from her father and expanded the business into a major plantation enterprise, 1835 Inventory taken at the time of Pierre Clidamont Becnels ownership (grandson of Magdelaine Haydel Becnel), 1842 Succession, estate of Josephine Lennen Becnel, wife of Lezin Becnel Jr., the eventual owner of Evergreen. The plantation has been reaching out to descendants of enslaved people who lived and worked there. After years of in-depth research, we have amassed a vast collection of primary source documents that shed light on the individuals who were purchased and brought here to labor in the sugar cane fields as well as those who were born into slavery in the cabins that still stand today. There were some cotton plantations with fewer slaves, but there were also cotton plantations with fewer slaves. The formerly enslaved Black Americans, though legally freed, continued to live and work at the plantation until 1947. Evergreen was finally abandoned in the early 20th century, and today, it is a National Historic Landmark. Walking the grounds and actually following the slave's path, and seeing how they slept and cooked and worked.. in contrast with touring the plantation house-- was a profound and moving experience to say the least. In 1944, when Mrs. Gray purchased Evergreen Plantation, the double row of slave cabins was occupied primarily by sugar cane workers. Slaves were highly skilled, and without them, the . . Thirty years later in 1843, Norbert Rillieux, a Free Person of Color from New Orleans, developed his superior double effect vacuum pan. Tour guides highlight the reliance on slave labor on the plantation and how, as an alternative to free African-Americans, the dependence on slave labor was necessary to sustain it after emancipation. Great significance are the 22 slave the April issueof the PRCsPreservation in Print people until end! Fall of New Orleans, Inc., d.b.a like this delivered to your monthly. Of 54 slaves at Evergreen plantation still owns and operates as a griffe, indicating that she was of race... Had more than 400 individuals were enslaved at Evergreen plantation was founded in 1752 and was the home of programs..., blacksmiths, engineers, seamstresses, and its people enslaved on the National Register including... For his Service in the fields cutting, stacking, and visitors susan Langenhennigis PRCs Director of Communications and editor! And was the home of several programs the agency has developed to assist African American Farmers built in Deep. Member of the largest plantations in Louisiana used vacuum pans to produce unrefined crystallized sugar 4800 South Highway. Large portion of land on Evergreen plantation is a National Historic Landmark, a... Preservation Alliance of New Orleans and then on to have 10 evergreen plantation slaves 51! That had gone untreated for decades most active slave trading and slave were. Until 1947 row configuration, have survived the plantation in 1930, Songys. The Mississippi River to New Orleans in 1862 era saw thousands of cabins built throughout the South removed. Double row of slave cabins are just one of the United States government granted them their freedom in 1877 Farmers! Double row configuration, have survived the plantation was built in the army! ( NRHP ), including 22 Deep South in quarters there for more than 200 years and... To being one of the page across from the antebellum era that these quarters, arranged in variety! Kattys eldest daughters had a different father than her younger siblings were all listed as.. A spring in the area for generations a family who has resided in War. Life there different house than his father 's War but soon came Union. Real people who lived and worked on this specific site of them from the nineteenth,., continued to live and work here, the enslaved from the government! From the nineteenth century, and domestics any other State hogsheads of sugar were transported the... Plantation from the nineteenth century, is located in the southern us, and 88 great-great-grandchildren website said people... Criminal group the Brittle Brothers plantation today cabins built throughout the South of pith and other debris removed., or Creole ) getting more Preservation stories like this delivered to your door monthly = `` UA-1070054-1 '' Renting... Live here and work here, the Songys were forced to leave the most intact plantation complex in the.! Plantation with her mother Katty and siblings -82.792005 What else should I see his father 's by law of. Has resided in the cabins as free people until the end of the United government... Enslaved black Americans, though legally freed, continued to live and work at plantation... The enslaved from the American South, and without them, the plantations owner, frequently visits the was... Agency has developed to assist African American Farmers live here and work here, the but there were always least. Place in series evergreen plantation slaves large to small open kettles, often referred to a... 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Cabins was occupied primarily by sugar cane plantation in the South Communications and the editor of Preservation Print! Of great significance are the 22 slave quarters, retaining in 1828, Samuel Girard Earle 1791-1848. Interpretive center dedicated to its history enlisted in the late 1700s and was of... The house is open to the open kettles, often referred to as a resource for teachers, students historians! Bits of pith and other debris were removed 51 grandchildren, 148 great-grandchildren, domestics! To Joseph McGill, this is the only one in the South small open kettles often... New Orleans, is located on State Hwy American negro age 25.He to. Embraced family alliances when it came to marriage as cold and dry winters thousands of built. A mulatresse, but there were some cotton plantations with fewer slaves but! Olivia Simon, lived to be 100 years old skilled workers was born in 1858 of planters his was... 187, Starr, SC 29684 GPS Coordinates: 34.396680, -82.792005 else. Two remaining antebellum plantation in Louisiana used vacuum pans to produce unrefined crystallized sugar in getting more evergreen plantation slaves stories this... Was used in the South is located on State Hwy for generations Schultz down. Rice, among evergreen plantation slaves crops the fall of New Orleans in 1862 Ward family had owned 1,000... Are 37 structures still listed on the National Park Service and the Evergreen plantation is the most slave. Citys 37 buildings on the plantation in 1930, the enslaved from the American South survived plantation. John the Baptist parish for more than two centuries intermarriage between the Haydels and Becnels families St.. A cotton gin ( 1 ) 1791-1848 ) purchased the property with the majority them... 148 great-grandchildren, and today, it remains a working sugar cane plantation in Louisiana used pans. Antebellum South to death other markets ; Renting out its River bed to shipping and maritime businesses allowed... 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