Learn more about Industrial Revolution at: brainly.com/question/860017 Advertisement Vaccines were developed. How did industrialization drive urbanization? They passed laws, especially from the 1880s onward, that stopped people from some Asian countries from migrating. 1829 George Cruikshank editorial cartoon illustrating the explosive growth of London. Over the course of the long nineteenth century, many push and pull factors helped to create the vast migrations we see in these statistics. Others are not, largely because they are missing patterns. New machinery and technology also made it possible to farm larger areas of land more efficiently. Simply put, the governments of most American countries restricted Asian immigration. Mass production lowered the costs of much-needed tools, clothes, and other household items for the common (that is, nonaristocratic) people, which allowed them to save money for other things and build personal wealth. With so much more energy flowing through human systems than ever before, many of us must do much less hard physical labor than earlier generations did. Coal, oil, and gas, despite their relative abundance, are not evenly distributed on Earth; some places have much more than others, due to geographic factors and the diverse ecosystems that existed long ago. By 1900 engines burned 10 times more efficiently than they had a hundred years before. Its first application wasto more quickly and efficiently pump water out of coal mines, to better allow for extraction of the natural resource, but Watts engine worked well enough to be put to other uses; he became a wealthy man. Worker safety and wages were less important. Thus, the archetype of the City Beautifulcharacterized by grand malls and majestically sited civic buildings in Greco-Roman architecturewas replicated in civic centres and boulevards throughout the country, contrasting with and in protest against the surrounding disorder and ugliness. Together, these lifestyle trends have led to increases in lifestyle-related diseases associated with obesity, such as heart disease, diabetes, and certain forms of cancer. why did the Industrial Revolution originate in Great Britain. Some groups of workers fixed machines when they broke down, while others were charged with making improvements to them and overall factory operation. to speed up the process it took to make things like luxury goods and textiles. WebAt the time, industrial cities and towns grew dramatically due to the migration of farmers and their families who were looking for work in the newly developed factories and mines. Public health can still be a problem, but the changes in the role of government established in this period, both perceived and actual, are mostly ingrained into the modern consciousness and provide a working strategy to ameliorate problems as they arise. The various machines in the factory were often dirty, expelling smoke and soot, and unsafe, both of which contributed to accidents that resulted in worker injuries and deaths. They were brought to work on sugar plantations in Brazil and Cuba. The Industrial Revolution brought rapid urbanization or the movement of people to cities. Wilde, Robert. Direct link to jayden watkins's post why did the Industrial Re, Posted 2 years ago. Many city governments established planning departments during the first third of the 20th century. In fact, the kind of contracts they created for these laborers looked very much like slavery. These laws, or exclusion acts, were based on racist ideas that Asians were immoral, alien, or would steal jobs from white Americans. The architectural style of the exposition established an ideal that many cities imitated. Their coal mines filled with water that needed to be removed; horses pulling up bucketfuls proved slow going. The Industrial Revolution had the most significant effect on Romantic poetry because it served as a direct antithesis to the poets subject matter during that time. As more cheap labor-saving devices become available, people performed less strenuous physical activity. Why did they move from one region to another, over the course of the long nineteenth century? The rapid production of hand tools and other useful items led to the development of new types of tools and vehicles to carry goods and people from one place to another. WebThe new jobs for the working class were in the cities. By the way, if youre wondering what oil and natural gas were doing while coal was powering the Industrial Revolution, they had been discovered long before and were in use, but mostly as fuels for lamps and other light sources. In China, poverty and sometimes famines also created push factors for laborers. Successors abandoned Howards socialist ideals but held on to the residential design form established in the two new towns built during Howards lifetime (Letchworth and Welwyn Garden City), ultimately imitating the garden city model of winding roads and ample greenery in the forming of the modern suburban subdivision. Also, it wasnt just Africans who were enslaved. It wasnt until the mid-20th century that oil caught up and surpassed coal in use. In 1872 there was a Public Health Act, which split the country into sanitary areas, each of which had a medical officer. (There had been earlier steam engines in Britain, and also in China and in Turkey, where one was used to turn the spit that roasts a lamb over a fire.) Was it mostly women and children that worked at factories? People living in such close proximity, fatigued by poor working conditions, and drinking unsafe water presented ideal conditions for outbreaks of typhus, cholera, smallpox, tuberculosis, and other infectious diseases. For example, why was emigration. Industrialization allowed medical instruments (such as scalpels, microscope lenses, test tubes, and other equipment) to be produced more quickly. Just three decades later, more than As the factories grew and workers became more specialized, additional teachers and trainers were needed to pass on specialized skills. By the mid-1860s, the government had come to a more positive and interventionist approach, spurred on by the 1866 cholera epidemic that clearly revealed the flaws in the earlier act. It was from countryside to city. The ability to transport goods and human beings safely and efficiently across long distances is fundamental to economic life in modern societies. Overall, the act is considered to have failed as the death rate remained the same, and the problems remained, but it did establish a precedent for government intervention. If you're behind a web filter, please make sure that the domains *.kastatic.org and *.kasandbox.org are unblocked. In the enclave neighborhoods, many immigrant groups attempted to hold onto and practice precious customs and traditions. answer choices. 2 Because of the intensity and necessity of agricultural labor, it was the largest employment source in Europe. Direct link to Hightower, Alexander's post why were machines created, Posted 2 years ago. The year 1909 was a milestone in the establishment of urban planning as a modern governmental function: it saw the passage of Britains first town-planning act and, in the United States, the first national conference on city planning, the publication of Burnhams plan for Chicago, and the appointment of Chicagos Plan Commission (the first recognized planning agency in the United States, however, was created in Hartford, Connecticut, in 1907). WebEnslaved people, cotton, and the steamship transformed the city from a relatively isolated corner of North America to a thriving metropolis that rivaled New York in importance. As a result, the continent had trouble sustaining so many people. To help your students analyze these primary sources, get a graphic organizer and guides. Millions of Europeans moved voluntarily to these regions. Direct link to Hecretary Bird's post The employment of women a. The long nineteenth century witnessed a series of massive migrations larger than had ever been witnessed before. Essentially a suburban form, Howards garden city incorporated low-rise homes on winding streets and culs-de-sac, the separation of commerce from residences, and plentiful open space lush with greenery. To the rescue came James Watt (17361819), a Scottish instrument-maker who in 1776 designed an engine in which burning coal produced steam, which drove a piston assisted by a partial vacuum. That huge population boom in Europe and those migration trends of people moving to the Americas from Africa and Europe really stand out. The ability to vote was expanded to the urban working class in 1867, and politicians now had to make promises regarding public health to gain votes. The promise of better wages attracted migrants to cities and industrial towns that were ill-prepared to handle them. A steady stream of people from rural America also migrated to the cities during this period. Consequently, there was much illness, and in 1832 one doctor said only 10% of Leeds was actually in full health. Fifty percent of all cases proved fatal. Global forces influencing the development of industrialization in Britain include: Britains location on the Atlantic Ocean, British colonies in North America, which provided land, labor, and markets, Silver from the Americas, used in trade with China, Social and ideological conditions in Britain, and new thoughts about the economy, that encouraged an entrepreneurial spirit. It is one that shifts the centres of economic activity onto the focus of work, wages and incomes. Look at this list of the worlds largest cities and their population in 1800: Now here is the list of worlds largest cities in 1900: If you compare the first list to the second, several things are obvious. Revenues tended to be spent on large, new civic buildings. While grueling farm-related labor was made far easier, and in many cases far safer, by replacing animal power and human power with tractors and other specialized vehicles to till the soil and plant and harvest crops, other vehicles, such as trains and automobiles, effectively reduced the amount of healthy exercise people partook in each day. By the time of the Industrial Revolution, there were more people than ever before. Direct link to ilovelivingthislife's post The modern ways of commun, Posted 4 years ago. Pull factors bring people to a new area. Eventually the corruption and exploitation of the era gave rise to the Progressive movement, of which city planning formed a part. New Yorks Central Park, envisioned in the 1850s and designed by architects Calvert Vaux and Frederick Law Olmsted, became a widely imitated model. Changes in farming, soaring population growth, and an ever-increasing demand for workers led masses of people to migrate from farms to cities. Africans were also enslaved into the Muslim world at least until the early twentieth century. The global challenges of widespread water and air pollution, reductions in biodiversity, destruction of wildlife habitat, and even global warming can be traced back to this moment in human history. WebHow did the Industrial Revolution affect cities? Early in the 19th century the British also invented steam locomotives and steamships, which revolutionized travel. In addition, as new manufacturing machines were invented and new factories were built, new employment opportunities arose. Keep in mind that when you read the article, it is a good idea to write down any vocab you see in the article that is unfamiliar to you. At the beginning of the long nineteenth century, the Atlantic slave trade was still operating. Although the number of people enslaved was much less, slavery persisted in many parts of the world through the end of this era. Parks were developed to provide visual relief and places for healthful play or relaxation. Housing was generally bad and made worse by the numbers of people constantly arriving in cities. Whatever the future holds, well be debating and dealing with the consequences of modernization for years to come. WebHow did the Industrial Revolution affect living conditions? Will growth continue unchecked, or are we approaching the end of an unsustainable industrial era? What do each of these bumps signify? The modern ways of communicating long distance has come a long way from sending pigeons and or a person travelling on horse back with a message to someone, also telegraph or Morse code even to now we can either get a wifi signal and instantly speak with someone no calling the operator first to get patched in to your call at the tip of your fingers you just text or dial some ones number to reach out to them. This organic matter was compacted by the weight of water and soil. For example, nineteenth-century Europe was a very difficult place for many people to live. These four rows detail some of the largest migration patterns in this era. Britain exerted great influence in China and the Ottoman Empire without taking over direct rule, while in India, Southeast Asia, and 60 percent of Africa, it assumed all governmental functions. Germany, Sweden, and other European countries also developed planning administration and law at this time. Britain led the 19th-century takeovers and ended the century with the largest noncontiguous empire the world has ever known. Smokestacks in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 1890s Bettmann/CORBIS. Before the Industrial Revolution spread to the US from Great Britain, its focus was on expansionism. There was also a range of common diseases: tuberculosis, typhus, and after 1831, cholera. What are some statements that are true of socialism and communism? WebCorrect answers: 2 question: How did railroads affect cities during the second industrial revolution? Foreign markets also were created for these goods, and the balance of trade shifted in favor of the producerwhich brought increased wealth to the companies that produced these goods and added tax revenue to government coffers. Moves to it made the population grow faster than the housing supply. Factory workers earned greater wages compared with agricultural workers, but this often came at the expense of time and less than ideal working conditions. To fuel the factories and to sustain the output of each and every type of manufactured good, natural resources (water, trees, soil, rocks and minerals, wild and domesticated animals, etc.) In 1800 Europeans occupied or controlled about 34 percent of the land surface of the world; by 1914 this had risen to 84 percent. This population was driven to the cities by the rising industries that needed new hands. Using machine manufacturing, refinements to these instruments could more efficiently roll out to the physicians that needed them. Wherever the death rate was worse than 23/1000, or where 10% of ratepayers requested assistance, the board would send an inspector toauthorize the town council to carry out duties and form a local board. In the decades following the Civil War, America saw a period of rapid progress that dramatically changed the nature of Americas industries and came to be known as the Second Industrial Revolution. Con: Overcrowding of Cities and Industrial Towns. (See landscape architecture.). Historians often focus on what they call push and pull factors to understand migration. Mass transit, in the form of trolleys, cable cars, and subways, was built, and skyscrapers began to dominate city skylines. Between 1880 and 1900, cities in the United States grew at a dramatic rate. Possible reasons why industrialization did not begin in China include: Location of Chinas coal, which was in the north, while economic activity was centered in the south, Rapid growth of population in China, giving less incentive for machines and more for labor-intensive methods, Confucian ideals that valued stability and frowned upon experimentation and change, Lack of Chinese government support for maritime explorations, thinking its empire seemed large enough to provide everything needed, Chinas focus on defending self from nomadic attacks from the north and west. While the population increased so did disease. So why didnt the Industrial Revolution begin in China, or somewhere else that boasted this natural resource? Many of these regions were colonies, and imperial rulers were notoriously bad at making sure subject populations were fed. the biosphere depends. 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