Alexios III Angelos (c. 1153 – 1211) was Byzantine emperor from 1195 to 1203. Ελληνικά. [citation needed] Alexios suffered several defeats before he was able to strike back with success. He sent a disaffected Guiscard relative who had landed in the Byzantine court back to Italy to stir up … The military, financial and territorial recovery of the Byzantine Empire known as Komnenian restoration began in his reign. νός, 1048 or 1056 – 15 August 1118), was Byzantine emperor from 1081 to 1118. Alexios I Komnenos or Alexius I Comnenus (Αλέξιος Α' Κομνηνός, Alexios I Komnēnos; ALEXIVS I COMNENVS; 1048 – August 15, 1118), Byzantine emperor (1081–1118), was the son of John Komnenos and Anna Dalassena.He was the nephew of Isaac I Komnenos (emperor 1057–1059). [9] First married to Michael VII Doukas and secondly to Nikephoros III Botaneiates, she was preoccupied with the future of her son by Michael VII, Constantine Doukas. August 1118) war byzantinischer Kaiser von 1081 bis 1118. Alexios III Angelos was the second son of Andronicos Angelos and Euphrosyne Castamonitissa. Inheriting a collapsing empire and faced with constant warfare during his reign against both the Seljuq Turks in Asia Minor and the Normans in the western Balkans, Alexios was able to curb the Byzantine decline and begin the military, financial, and territorial recovery known as the Komnenian restoration. Alexios I Komnenos, Latinized as Alexius I Comnenus (Greek: Ἀλέξιος Α' Κομνηνός; 1056 – 15 August 1118, though some sources list his date of birth as 1048), was Byzantine emperor from 1081 to 1118. Bryennius 4.2, who dates the adoption to early in the reign of Botaneiates, Centre for Byzantine Studies, University of Thessaloniki, "La résistance aux Turcs en Asie Mineure entre Mantzikert et la Première Croisade", Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, Theodora Megale Komnene ("Despina Khatun"), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alexios_I_Komnenos&oldid=1002338297, Byzantine people of the Byzantine–Norman wars, Byzantine people of the Byzantine–Seljuk wars, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2018, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the DGRBM, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the DGRBM without a Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. 1: Aaron – Azarethes. Shukurov, "The Enigma of David Grand Komnenos", Kuršanskis, "Trébizonde et les Turcs", p. 113, Vasiliev, "Foundation", pp. Alexios I Komnenos Emperor (q.v.) The military, financial and territorial recovery of the Byzantine Empire began in his reign. Sainthood. [9] However, Kuršanskis notes that there are few traces of Georgian influence in the administration and culture of the Empire of Trebizond, and points out that its elite always looked towards Constantinople for their political and religious models. At the Sultan's command, Ibn Bibi writes, he sent a confidante into the city to negotiate a surrender; the inhabitants told Alexios' man, "Suppose Alexius has been captured. Dukas und Nikephoros III. By seeking close alliances with powerful noble families, Alexios put an end to the tradition of imperial exclusivity … However, his mother consolidated the Doukas family connection by arranging the Emperor's marriage to Irene Doukaina, granddaughter of the Caesar John Doukas, the uncle of Michael VII, who would not have supported Alexios otherwise. [22] Nevertheless, he remained in good relations with the imperial family and succumbed to his weak constitution soon afterwards. Brepols Publishers, Turnhout 2007, ISBN 978-2-503-52303-3, S. 163–164. The two brothers were the only male descendants of the Byzantine Emperor Andronikos I, who had been dethroned and killed in 1185, and thus claimed to represent the legitimate government of the Empire following the conquest of Constantinople by the Fourth Crusade in 1204. Alexios was the eldest son of Manuel Komnenos, and a grandson of the Byzantine Emperor Andronikos I (reigned 1183–1185). [25] Paulician soldiers in imperial service likewise deserted during Alexios' battles with the Normans. [27] During his retreat, the emperor was surrounded and worn down by the Pechenegs, who forced him to sign a truce and to pay protection money. Dukas und Nikephoros III. The Norman danger subsided with the death of Guiscard in 1085, and the Byzantines recovered most of their losses. [9] The tutor discovered they were missing and eventually found them on the palace grounds, but Anna was able to convince him that they would return to the palace shortly. [49] Bryennios had been made kaisar (Caesar) and received the newly created title of panhypersebastos ("honoured above all"), and remained loyal to both Alexios and John. This request was granted and Anna then manifested her true theatrical and manipulative capabilities: She was allowed to enter. In response, David sent a deputation to Henry of Flanders, which reached the Latin Emperor in September 1208 with their request for help. [17], Nikephoros III Botaneiates was forced into a public vow that he would grant protection to the family. Alexius I Comnenus, also spelled Alexios I Komnenos, (born 1057, Constantinople, Byzantine Empire [now Istanbul, Turkey]—died August 15, 1118), Byzantine emperor (1081–1118) at the time of the First Crusade who founded the Comnenian dynasty and partially restored the strength of the empire after its defeats by the Normans and Turks in the 11th century. Alexios also made parts of the Crimea a tributary to Trebizond. Corrections? Theodora Axuchina is supposed by some to have been her name, which appears in the Europäische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten (1978) by Detlev Schwennicke. Manuel Komnenos, born February 1097 and known only from a manuscript now in Moscow, died probably soon after his birth, Zoe Komnene, born March 1098 and known only from a manuscript now in Moscow, died probably soon after her birth, This page was last edited on 23 January 2021, at 23:34. Alexius turned next to the grim situation in Asia Minor. Alexios I Komnenos (Greek: Ἀλέξιος Αʹ Κομνηνός, 1048 or 1056 – 15 August 1118), was Byzantine emperor from 1081 to 1118. Alexios married at some point in his life, but contemporary writers fail to record any information about his wife. [41], Rebellions, secession, and autonomous magnates in the, R. Macrides, "What's in the name 'Megas Komnenos'? See all formats and editions Hide other formats and editions. [5] In 1099, a Byzantine fleet of ten ships was sent to assist the crusaders in capturing Laodicea and other coastal towns as far as Tripoli. [39], Alexios died on 1 February 1222 after a reign of eighteen years. Überprüfen Sie die Übersetzungen von 'Alexios I.' [29] How he went from trusted ally of Alexios to a monastic life—likely an enforced change—has not been documented. A second Diocletian, it was Alexios I Komnenos that saved the empire from destruction from the Normans then the Pechenegs and … Na de catastrofe van Manzikert (1071) en het verlies van Nicea in 1077-78, gingen de families Doukas en Komnenen ruziën over de macht, in plaats van zich te bekommeren over de situatie van het Byzantijnse Rijk. [9] Straboromanos tried to give Anna his cross, but for her it was not sufficiently large enough for all bystanders to witness the oath. [30], This put an end to the Pecheneg threat, but in 1094 the Cumans began to raid the imperial territories in the Balkans. Corrections? Following the Seljuk defeat at Antioch on the Meander, he concluded a treaty with the new Seljuk Sultan, Kaykaus I, and together they encroached on the Trapezuntine territory. Vasiliev even speculates that "Georgian became their native tongue" and that they "were thoroughly Georgian in language and education as well as in political ideals", but possibly "some Greeks were among their attendants in order that they might be familiar with the language of their own country". This led to a further revolt near Philippopolis, and the commander of the field army in the west, Gregory Pakourianos, was defeated and killed in the ensuing battle. Under one of these emperors, Romanos IV Diogenes (1067–1071), Alexios served with … Helene Dukaina Tornikina Komnene; m.ca 1288 Alexios Raul (+1303), E2. [37] This measure, which was intended to diminish opposition, was paralleled by the introduction of new courtly dignities, like that of panhypersebastos given to Nikephoros Bryennios, or that of sebastokrator given to the emperor's brother Isaac Komnenos. [9] Anna then protested that the family was in fear for their lives, her sons were loyal subjects (Alexios and Isaac were discovered absent without leave), and had learned of a plot by enemies of the Komnenoi to have them both blinded and had, therefore, fled the capital so they may continue to be of loyal service to the emperor. νός) (1048 – August 15, 1118), Byzantine emperor (1081–1118), was the son of John Comnenus and Anna Dalassena and the nephew of Isaac I Comnenus (emperor 1057–1059). It has since found its place in several modern genealogies. We know of his ultimate fate from a note in a manuscript written at Mount Athos that tells us David died as a monk of Vatopedi monastery on 13 December 1212. [37], Nothing certain is known of the remainder of Alexios' life. These attacks culminated in the first siege of Trebizond by Sultan Kaykhusraw I. [26] As soon as the Norman threat had passed, Alexios set out to punish the rebels and deserters, confiscating their lands. [11] That same month Alexios was proclaimed emperor at the age of 22, an act considered by later writers as the moment the Empire of Trebizond was founded. [7] In 1078, he was appointed commander of the field army in the West by Nikephoros III. See all formats and editions Hide other formats and editions. "Religiously minded, Tamar had the habit of bestowing alms on monasteries and churches not only in her own country but also all over the Near East", Vasiliev wrote in 1936. Alexios' policy of integration of the nobility bore the fruit of continuity: every Byzantine emperor who reigned after Alexios I Komnenos was related to him by either descent or marriage. [16] She refused to go with them and demanded that they allow her to pray to the Mother of God for protection. While Byzantine troops were assembling for the expedition, the Doukas faction at court approached Alexios and convinced him to join a conspiracy against Nikephoros III. Schauen Sie sich Beispiele für Alexios I.-Übersetzungen in Sätzen an, hören Sie sich die Aussprache an und lernen Sie die Grammatik. He was the second son of Andronicus Angelus, grandson of Alexius I. Nikephoros III intended to leave the throne to one of his close relatives,[10] and this resulted in Maria's ambivalence and alliance with the Komnenoi, though the real driving force behind this political alliance was Anna Dalassene. Alexios I Komnenos (Greek: Ἀλέξιος Αʹ Κομνηνός, c. 1048 – 15 August 1118) was Byzantine emperor from 1081 to 1118. [20], While David was in Paphlagonia, Alexios was forced to remain in the neighborhood of Trebizond, defending the eastern part of their domain from the attacks of the Seljuk Turks. Karpov interprets the significance of this image and the inscription as portraying the most important achievement of his life, St. George inviting the victorious prince to enter Trebizond and opening the gates of the city with his left hand. In 1090 the Pechenegs invaded Thrace again,[28] while Tzachas, the brother-in-law of the Sultan of Rum, launched a fleet and attempted to arrange a joint siege of Constantinople with the Pechenegs. The thirty-seven year reign of Alexios was full of struggle. As stated in the Alexiad, Isaac and Alexios left Constantinople in mid-February 1081 to raise an army against Botaneiates. He realized his need for greater military strength, and at the same time he was anxious to cooperate with the papacy in ending the schism of 1054 between the Eastern and Western Churches. Cherson, Kerch, and their hinterlands were governed as an overseas province called Perateia ("beyond the sea"). Alexios I Komnenos (Belfast Byzantine texts and translations) Hardcover – January 1, 1996 3.9 out of 5 stars 4 ratings. Vasiliev discussed these opinions in a 1936 article published in Speculum and considered Fallmerayer's hypothesis as closer to the truth. Alexios I Komnenos, Latinized as Alexius I Comnenus, was Byzantine emperor from 1081 to 1118. ", Kuršanskis, "Trébizonde et la Géorgie", p. 238. Byzantine empress by marriage to Byzantine Emperor Manuel I Komnenos, and regent during the minority of her son porphyrogennetos Alexios II Komnenos from 1180 until 1182. English: Alexios I Komnenos or Alexius I Comnenus; 1048 – August 15, 1118), Byzantine emperor (1081–1118), was the son of John Komnenos and Anna Dalassena and the nephew of Isaac I Komnenos (emperor 1057–1059). His eldest son John was passed over in favor of his son-in-law, Andronikos I Gidos.[11]. During this time, Alexios was rumored to be the lover of Empress Maria of Alania, the daughter of King Bagrat IV of Georgia, who had been successively married to Michael VII Doukas and his successor Nikephoros III Botaneiates, and who was renowned for her beauty. Konstantinos Angelos, Duke of Crete, blinded by Emp Isaakios II Angelos, B5. Alexios' father declined the throne on the abdication of Isaac, who was thus succeeded by four emperors of other families between 1059 and … This success is ascribed by Alexios' daughter Anna to his policy and diplomacy, but by the Latin historians of the crusade to his treachery and deception. Vor den Nachstellungen des Letzteren floh Alexios zum Heer, wurde von diesem zum Kaiser ausgerufen, eroberte die Hauptstadt und entthronte Nikephoros. Under the falsehood of making a vesperal visit to worship at the church, she deliberately excluded the grandson of Botaneiates and his loyal tutor, met with Alexios and Isaac, and fled for the forum of Constantine. Inheriting a collapsing empire and faced with constant … Shukurov believes this silence was intentional and therefore significant, that David somehow disgraced himself and was confined to Vatopedi by Alexios. Andronikos had taken refuge at the court of King George III of Georgia in the 1170s, and was a governor in the Pontus when his cousin the emperor Manuel I Komnenos (r. 1143–1180) died; upon hearing the news, he marched on Constantinople and seized the imperial throne. Alexios I Komnenos was Byzantine emperor from 1081 to 1118. Anthony Bryer suggests the account in the Georgian Royal Annals of the invasion could be separated into the two routes the individual brothers took. Alexios I Megas Komnenos (Greek: Αλέξιος Α΄ Μέγας Κομνηνός; c. 1182 – 1 February 1222) or Alexius I Megas Comnenus was, with his brother David, the founder of the Empire of Trebizond and its ruler from 1204 until his death in 1222. a. Alexios I Komnenos (1056 - 15 August 1118) ruled over the Byzantine Empire from 1081 to 1118. Alexios war der drittälteste Sohn des Domestikos der Scholen Johannes Komnenos und der Anna Dalassene und somit ein Neffe des Kaisers Isaak I. Er diente als Feldherr unter den Kaisern Michael VII. [31], Kuršanskis suggests that Alexios also intrigued in the internal politics of the Seljuk Sultanate, supporting Kaykaus' brother Kayqubad against him. This situation changed drastically, however, when Alexios' first son John II Komnenos was born in 1087:[22] Anna's engagement to Constantine was dissolved, and she was moved to the main Palace to live with her mother and grandmother. Given Anna's tight hold on her family, Alexios must have been adopted with her implicit approval. Although he was not the founder of the Komnenian dynasty, it was during his reign that the Komnenos family came to full power. [15] Kuršanskis, while agreeing with Vasiliev that Tamar was motivated by revenge for Alexios Angelos's insult, proposed a more obvious motivation for the brother's return to Byzantine territory: they had decided to raise the banner of revolt, depose Alexios Angelos, and return the imperial throne to the Komnenos dynasty. [25] In 1208 Theodore decided to strike against the Paphlagonian possessions of Alexios' brother David by crossing the Sangarios River and investing Heraclea Pontica. Tragic Deaths. Vor den Nachstellungen des Letzteren floh Alexios zum Heer, wurde von diesem zum Kaiser ausgerufen, eroberte die Hauptstadt und entthronte Nikephoros. The hyperpyron was slightly smaller than the solidus. Vasiliev has suggested that when George IV Lasha of Georgia was campaigning near the Kura River, Alexios was amongst the "tributaries [who] arrived from Khlar and Greece with presents", in the phrasing of the Georgian chronicles. In 1117 he moved onto the offensive and pushed his army deep into the Turkish-dominated Anatolian Plateau, where he defeated the Seljuq sultan at the Battle of Philomelion. There, they were massacred by the Turks of Kilij Arslan I at the Battle of Civetot in October 1096. Although he was not the founder of the Komnenian dynasty, it was during his reign that the Komnenos family came to full power. At the outset he faced the formidable attack of the Normans, led by Robert Guiscard and his son Bohemund, who took Dyrrhachium and Corfu and laid siege to Larissa in Thessaly[5] (see Battle of Dyrrhachium). [30] A clue to his offence may be that at one point, faced with another attack from Theodore Laskaris with insufficient men to draw on, David had become a vassal of the enemy of the Byzantine successor realms, the Latin Empire, since, as William Miller explains, "It was his interest to prefer a nominal Latin suzerainty to annexation by the Nicene Emperor". [3], Manuel left two children, the Caesars Alexios and David. Dec 28, 2017 - Alexios I Komnenos (Alexius Comnenus) was emperor of the Byzantine Empire from 1081 to 1118 CE. Another school of thought follows George Finlay's belief that the boys remained in Constantinople, and although educated in the capital, were somehow safe from Andronikos' successor, emperor Isaac II Angelos (r. 1185–1195 and 1203–1204); Finlay argued that they were not at risk from "a government which, like that of the Byzantine empire, was recognized to be elective, and in which their father had been excluded from the throne by the exercise of an acknowledged constitutional prerogative. Together with his … Dec 14, 2017 - Alexios I Komnenos (Alexius Comnenus) was emperor of the Byzantine Empire from 1081 to 1118 CE. Alexios' reform of the Byzantine monetary system was an important basis for the financial recovery and therefore supported the so-called Komnenian restoration, as the new coinage restored financial confidence. Although he was not the founder of the Komnenian dynasty, it was during his reign that the Komnenos family came to full power. Alexios I had stabilized the Byzantine Empire and overcame a dangerous crisis, inaugurating a century of imperial prosperity and success. [6] Cyril Toumanoff argued that their grandfather Andronikos, while in Georgia, had married an unnamed sister of king George III. "[5] Older writers who had no knowledge of the chronicle of the Trapezuntine chronicler Michael Panaretos nor access to Georgian records, such as Edward Gibbon, assumed the brothers were simply made governors of Trebizond, and when the Fourth Crusade conquered Constantinople, Alexios declared himself emperor there. Home. [21] In a panegyric to his master, the Nicaean emperor Theodore Laskaris, Nicetas Choniates compared Alexios to Hylas, a member of the expedition of the Argonauts who landed on the coast of Mysia to obtain water, but was kidnapped by the Naiads and never seen again.[22]. Although he was not the founder of the Komnenian dynasty, it was during his reign that the … [37], The "Prince's Crusade", the second and much more formidable host of crusaders, gradually made its way to Constantinople, led in sections by Godfrey of Bouillon, Bohemond of Taranto, Raymond IV of Toulouse, and other important members of the western nobility. Februar 1222) war von 1204 bis 1222 erster Kaiser von Trapezunt.Er war Sohn des Manuel Komnenos und Enkel Andronikos’ I. Komnenos, des letzten byzantinischen Kaisers aus der Familie der Komnenen, der 1185 von Isaak II. In 1095 his ambassadors appeared before Pope Urban II at the Council of Piacenza. [4] Somehow the boys arrived at the court of their relative Queen Tamar of Georgia; scholars have speculated when and how they made their way there. See more » Byzantine Senate. Price New from Used from Hardcover "Please retry" — $93.56 — Hardcover from $93.56 2 … Michel Kuršankis has argued, on the strength of John I Axouchos's surname and Alexios I's known political affiliations, that he had married, probably about 1201, a daughter of John Komnenos "the Fat" (d.1200), son of the protostrator Alexios Axouch. [26], Despite this setback, Theodore did not abandon his attempts on Paphlagonia. Monarches similar to or like Alexios I Komnenos. [37] Due to the troubled times the empire was enduring, he had by far the greatest number of rebellions against him of all the Byzantine emperors. One such gift she bestowed on a group of monks before they left for Jerusalem was taken from them by the Byzantine emperor Alexios III Angelos (r. 1195–1203) as they sailed past Constantinople; although Tamar subsequently made up for the theft by giving the monks a much more lavish gift, Alexios' theft insulted the queen. He ascended to the throne as a minor. Plain List. As if she were weighed down with old age and worn out by grief, she walked slowly and when she approached the actual entrance to the sanctuary made two genuflections; on the third she sank to the floor and taking firm hold of the sacred doors, cried in a loud voice: "Unless my hands are cut off, I will not leave this holy place except on one condition: that I receive the emperor's cross as guarantee of safety". "So I dared to assume," writes Karpov, "that the seal points out the date of the capture of Trebizond. Then to gain entrance to both the outer and inner sanctuary of the church, the women pretended to the gatekeepers that they were pilgrims from Cappadocia who had spent all their funds and wanted to worship before starting their return trip. To avenge the insult by supporting alexios i byzantine nephews in their invasion of Byzantine political control on peninsular Italy to... 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